Hard Questions Make Strong Foundations: Estate Planning and Second Marriages

The day my wife and I finally met with our estate planning attorney, Don Owen, was anticlimactic. We sat across from him, my wife Janet to my left, Don sitting on the other side of his desk. We were there to resolve what we then realized were thornier issues than what we had imagined when we began the process, issues that most families don’t face–because most families aren’t blended families.

Very wealthy couples deal with estate planning issues most of us can only imagine. Business owners whose companies make up the bulk of their net worth likewise confront estate planning problems foreign to those who work for someone else. Add to that list, couples who head up blended families. In fact, maybe put them at the top of the list. Courageous, often twitterpated, souls, these couples enter into second marriages and all the responsibilities that entails and deal with some thorny problems. Often, many of those problems first make their appearance years down the road. For my wife and me, they made their appearance when we decided to do some estate planning six years after we married and joined my three and her four children together.

The idea to do some estate planning was mine. I stood to inherit some money from my grandfather’s estate. He’d worked hard and invested well, and he’d set up his estate to benefit his children first, then his grandchildren when his children died. His children were now in their late 80s and 90s. I wanted to make sure that when they died, and after both my wife and I died, my share of my grandfather’s estate would pass on to my children–his great-great grandchildren. I wanted to keep the Taggart family money in the Taggart family. My wife was fine with that. And so I set up an appointment with DonHermanWeissFamily600 to get that done. This should be easy, I thought. Silly me.

Facing the Facts. For couples in second marriages, estate planning can be difficult, more complex. Think about it: Each party comes into the marriage with their own assets; their own debts; and often, their own children–sons and daughters who have their own special needs, often known only to their biological parent. Add an “ours” to the mix of yours and mine, and the family photo quickly goes out of focus.

Frequently, at least one but probably both of the step-parents have made promises to their own children, promises that often involve dollars and cents. Maybe one parent made a promise to pay for college or for a car when his child graduates high school. Maybe the other guaranteed a trip to Europe if her  young son or daughter graduated college.

All too often such promises were made in the heat of the battle in the previous marriage. No matter, already feeling guilty about a failed marriage, the parent making the promise will not drop this ball. Not this time. His or her promises, wise or unwise, will be kept. No more disappointed children. Nope.

And so it is when the newly married couple finally decides they should do some estate planning. So it was when my wife and I  sat down with Don Owen to make sure that promises we had made were kept–to each other and to our children.

Like I said, the experience was more intimate than sex.

Why? you ask. Well, try this list of issues on for  size. One or both of us had:

  1. Made promises to our children.
  2. Made promises to each other leading up to marriage.
  3. Insecurities created or exacerbated by the previous marriage and not yet fully healed by the second.
  4. Secrets that had yet to be discussed with the the other.
  5. Allegiances that were at the time stronger to blood than to water.
  6. More insecurities, as in, will this marriage last?
  7. Age, maturity, and wisdom not present the first time around, thus a willingness and ability–and need–to look beyond the unicorns of true love and ask the hard questions.
  8. Etc.

Now this list isn’t particular to my wife and me. I suspect most anyone in a second marriage can see at least some of themselves in it. The point is, parents in blended families face lots of issues that in-tact families typically don’t. But that’s only part of the story, the hard part. But can I tell you, what I had anticipated would be a cake walk–at least I did after my wife said she was fine with what I wanted to do with my inheritance from my grandfather–turned out to be a slog. Not because my wife was hard to deal with. She wasn’t. In fact, she was a gem. No, it was a slog because the issues grew more complicated the deeper we probed, one question leading to another and then another. When we got to the end of the slog, I was amazed, both at what an experience it had been and at how refreshing it was to have done it.

Reaping the Benefits. It gets better. If the planning is hard and the issues complex, the aftermath is long lasting and satisfying. With each hard question asked and answered, a stronger bond forms between husband and wife. As each secret is revealed, trust and respect grows. In the end, the new marriage stands on a more firm foundation. I know ours did.

I don’t have any statistics to support the following claim, but I have to believe that good, thorough estate planning will strengthen the marriage of the man and woman who blend their families. It did ours. It can do the same to yours.

 

 

 

 

 

The Best Way to Take the Stress out of Estate Planning

Slide1Brian Vnak, over at MarketWatch, just penned a piece titled “How to Take the Stress Out of Estate Planning.” He gives four ideas to support his title, among them, number 3: “Gift assets while you’re still living — addition by subtraction.” That’s a good idea, by the way, if only to take the monkey off your back, put there by Andrew Carnegie, who famously said:

The man who dies rich, dies disgraced.

Yankee’s short piece could have been even shorter, had he talked to me first. The best way to take the stress out of estate planning is to get it done. To do it now. To be done with it.

Elective Share

As we discussed in 5 Reasons You Need a Will, a valid will controls where your money goes when you die–except when it doesn’t. In some states for instance, the maker of a will–the testator–can’t disinherit a spouse.  In Wyoming for example, a disinherited spouse can “elect” to take 1/4 to 1/2 of the property disposed of by the will (reduced by certain items), depending on whether there are children and whether the disinherited spouse is a “parent of any surviving issue of the decedent.” In other words, the will won’t control where all the money goes in this circumstance.

Once again, whether the disinherited spouse has an elective share and how much that share is, depends on where the decedent is domiciled. If the decedent is domiciled in Utah, the surviving spouse’s elective share is 1/3 of the augmented estate–essentially the property disposed of by the will, reduced by funeral and administrative expenses, certain exemptions, and the like.

 

Wills 101

Slide1When a person leaves a will, we say that he died testate as opposed to intestateBlackstone defined a will as “The legal declaration of a man’s intention which he wills to be performed after his death,” a definition that maybe gives us some idea of where the legal term “will” comes from. Thomas Atkinson’s Handbook on the Law of Wills is a little more expansive and a lot more helpful (all emphasis in these quotes is mine):

A will is a person’s declaration of what is to be done after his death, which declaration is (1) revocable during his lifetime, (2) operative for no purpose until his death, and (3) applicable to the situation which exists at his death. Usually a will relates to the disposition of the maker’s property.

In other words, a will only functions after the maker, or testator, dies. Until then, the testator can change her will when she wants, willy nilly, if you will. (I’m sorry.) That is, while she’s alive, her will is revocable.

A person who receives money or property as directed by a will is called a beneficiary. Often a will names more than one beneficiary or classes of beneficiaries. For example, a testator might name her son James and daughter Julie beneficiaries, or she might simply refer to them as a class, as in “all my children, share and share alike.”

To make sure her wishes are carried out, the testator generally names an executor, the person who acts on behalf of the testator after she dies. (A quick note on terminology: If someone dies intestate {without a will}, the court appoints an “administrator.” If someone dies testate (with a will), the will names an “executor.” Both the terms administrator and executor are included within the meaning of the term “personal representative.” Sometimes people use the terms executor and personal representative interchangeably.)

5 Reasons You Need a Will

No matter your economic circumstances, you should probably have a will, especially if you have a spouse, even more so if the two of you have children. Here are five reasons why:

1. You can use that new will to revoke the one you already have. That’s right: you already have a “will,” the one your state legislature drafted for you. Say, for example, that you live in Wyoming and you and your spouse have two children. And say that you die without having an attorney draft a will for you, that is, you die “intestate.” The Wyoming laws of intestacy–that “will” you didn’t think you had–direct that 1/2 of your estate goes to your spouse and the other 1/2 goes to your two children to share equally, regardless of whether that’s what you wanted to happen.

A state’s laws of intestacy cover all sorts of contingencies: Spouses with no children. Surviving children and no spouse. Deceased children who leave grandchildren. Etc. etc. etc. The problem is, of course, that the law probably doesn’t cover the situation the way you would want it covered. A properly drafted, valid will does.

2. A valid will is portable. Now suppose you’re fine with Wyoming’s law of intestacy. You love your spouse and both of your children. You’re okay with the “will” the Wyoming legislature drafted for you. In fact, you’re glad that your two children will share in your estate when you die. But suppose that you and your family decide to move to Utah, so you can take a new job. And suppose that you suffer a massive heart attack the first day on your new job. Guess what? Your children get nothing from your estate. Your spouse gets it all. Why? Because the Utah legislature says so, that’s why. Utah’s laws of intestacy are different than Wyoming’s, and because you moved to Utah, its laws govern. That doesn’t happen with actual wills because they’re portable; they go where you go, live where you live. (By the way, this discussion ignores a surviving spouse’s so-called “elective share,” which is a matter for another post.)

3. You can use your will to name a guardian for your minor children. If you don’t, the state will step in and do the job for you. Truth be told, the state will probably step in anyway if you nominate dud as guardian–the state takes the welfare of children seriously. However, if you are of sound mind when you name a guardian and if that person is a stand-up person, the court will generally approve your decision. Best practice, then, is to nominate a guardian in your will.

4. Your will is the place to name your personal representative (or executor). A personal representative or executor is charge with carrying out the instructions in your will about how to handle your property. Again, if you don’t name your personal representative, the state will.

5. Your will makes sure all your property makes it into your trust–if you have a trust. Such a will is called a pour-over will; that is, it “pours” the residue of your estate–the odds and ends, small accounts and expensive vases, you may have overlooked as you planned your estate–into a trust. If you have a trust. A subject for another 5 Reasons post, perhaps?

BONUS reason. Setting an appointment with an attorney to prepare a will that carries out your wishes will cause you to give serious thought to your family and your estate and to focus on the things that matter in a way that few other exercises will. Trust me. That’s an exercise well worth doing.

You need a will, one you had drafted, not one the state drafted for you.

Personal Representatives and Executors 101

Slide1Navigating the terminology of wills and trusts can get complicated. Take the terms personal representative and executor, for example. Many people use them interchangeably, but strictly speaking, they’re not. Wyoming law, for instance, says the term “‘Personal representative’ includes executor and administrator.” Great, but what do “executor” and “administrator” mean? Well, the Wyoming code defines those words as well:

“‘Executor’ means any person appointed by the court to administer the estate of a testate decedent.”

“‘Administrator’ means any person appointed by the court to administer an intestate estate.”

As you can see, which term we use depends on whether the deceased died testate–with a will–or intestate–without a will. Typically, the maker of the will–the testator–will name an executor in the will. In such cases, the court will almost always agree and appoint that person to be the executor, though in some circumstances the court may do otherwise.

The executor exercises authority granted or defined in the will. That authority may be greater or lesser than any powers provided by statute, depending on the objectives of the testator. In other words, as a testator, you want to be sure you grant your executor the authority necessary to do what you want him or her to do.

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