What’s on Your Family’s Wish List?

I listened to an interesting seminar yesterday titled “Estate Planning in Agriculture: Protecting a Way of Life” sponsored by WealthCounsel.com. Stan Miller and Robert Serio were the presenters. Serio covered the Farm Service Agency (FSA) Subsidy Programs and the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) Programs. He cautioned attorneys to be careful to not to do anything in an estate plan that would cause their farmer and rancher clients to lose benefits under those programs. Quite interesting. I briefly reported on the take-a-way yesterday. 

Then Miller took over beginning with what he called “The Farm Family Wish List”:

  • Don’t disqualify for USDA subsidy payments and other government benefits,
  • Keep the court system of of the family business,
  • Keep the farm in the family forever,
  • Treat non-farming family members fairly,
  • Avoid the need to liquidate the farm in order to pay for the cost of long-term care, and
  • Avoid estate tax.

To that list, I would add “Avoid capital gains tax on appreciated property.”

Does Stan’s list mirror yours? What would you add to it or subtract from it?

More importantly, what have you done to make sure your wish list becomes a reality?

Water Rights and Water Wrongs

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A very interesting article about water at ProPublica.org
. Essentially, the pieces asks whether Wall Street–the good guys on Wall Street, of course–will help us achieve this:

 

[Hedge Fund manager] Disque Deane . . . supports the idea of setting aside what policy makers call “lifeline supplies” to guarantee households some minimal amount of water. But he says if markets jack up prices on higher levels of consumption, that may not be a bad thing. Anyone who wants to fill a swimming pool, water a golf course, or use billions of gallons of Colorado River water to grow cotton in the Sonoran Desert, he says, should have to pay for that privilege.

without our farmers and ranchers and small town America ending up like this:

Eventually, though, Crowley County passed a point of no return. With so much water gone [because farmers had sold their rights for the high prices offered], the empty irrigation ditches didn’t work; one lonely farmer at the end of the run would see all his water soaked up by the soil long before it ever reached his farm. And with fewer and fewer farmers around to share the expense of maintaining the ditch systems, the cost kept rising. Farmers had little choice but to sell, and all but 11 in the county did. The place literally dried up.

Kneeling in his driveway changing a truck tire last summer, Tomky’s son-in-law Matt Heimerich recalled what the town had lost. Though tens of millions of dollars in water rights were sold, few of the proceeds were reinvested in the community, he said. One by one, families moved away. The tomato and sugar factories shut down, and without goods to ship, the railroad stopped sending trains through town. Ordway’s car dealerships closed, and the tractor store went bankrupt. As though someone had pulled a bottom block out from a Jenga tower, Crowley County fell into an inexorable collapse.

“I couldn’t have eaten enough Prozac,” Heimerich said.

We don’t take water as seriously as we should. I think that’s self-evident. And pricing water differently and more sanely is, in theory, a good idea, so that we begin allocating it better than we do. But. There is always a but. And right now, I don’t know what comes after the but.

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I know I don’t want farmers, ranchers, and small town America to disappear. Oh, and water rights are assets, assets that, as this story makes clear, are becoming more and more valuable as I write this. Assets that warrant good estate planning to preserve them for future generations. So there’s that.

On a related note, if you’re interested in water and water issues, may I recommend the always interesting podcast, Water Values hosted by attorney Dave McGimpsey? I discovered about a year and a half ago and listened to it regularly as I ran. As I ramped up my estate and business planning practice, I stopped listening, intending to return after I had things moving along in estate planning. I’m thinking it’s time to begin listening again, especially since farmers and ranchers make up such an important part of the two, dry, Western states that I serve.

Six Things to Ask Yourself as a Business Owner

Another helpful link, this one from Northern Trust: 6 Things to Ask Yourself as a Business Owner. Sorry for the quick spate of links to videos and webinars. I happen to be on the look for something else, and found these instead. I thought they may be of interest to my readers. This one is short–about 2 minutes–but the six questions may prompt you to think more deeply about what you want to do with your business. Enjoy.

Trusts 101

Slide1A trust is a fiduciary relationship between a trustee and beneficiaries of the trust. Trusts can be implied and express. Implied trusts are court created in order to prevent unjust enrichment (a constructive trust) or to carry out what the parties intended, but failed to do properly.

In estate planning, we concerned almost entirely with express trusts, trusts set up intentionally to achieve some goal or purpose, to avoid taxes or direct money to a charity, for example. To set up such a trust, a person–the settlor–must have the intent to do so and then must comply with three formalities:

1. There must be a res or property, a bank account, a piece of real estate, a life insurance policy, or some such.

2. The trust must have ascertainable beneficiaries. Why have a trust if there are no beneficiaries, right?

3. Finally, the trusts must have a trustee, though a court can appoint the trustee if the trust document doesn’t name one.

Express trusts are almost always laid out in a trust document that names the res, the beneficiaries, and the trust. Those documents also explain the trust’s purpose, list the trustee’s powers, and the like.

Express trusts can be testamentary, that is they come into existence upon death. Such trusts are generally established in a will and must always comply with the formal requirements of a will, In Wyoming that means the testator or maker of the will must sign the written/typewritten document and that at least two disinterested people must witness the testator’s signature. Though testamentary trusts are irrevocable upon death, the testator can change the terms of the trust while he is still alive.

Express trusts can also be established during the settlor’s lifetime. They are called inter-vivo trusts. People often set up revocable inter-vivos trusts, so they can test drive them before they die. Revocable trusts are not separate taxable entities. Thus, if you have a revocable trust with an investment account as part of the trust property, you will have to report the trust’s taxable income on your 1040 form. Upon the settlor’s death, that revocable trust become irrevocable.

Intervivos trusts can also be irrevocable from the beginning, but by doing so, you may also create a taxable event because, remember, the trust has to have a res, and if that res is large enough, you will have to transfer that property from your pocket to the trust’s pocket, if you will. We call that a gift, and a large enough gift will be subject to the federal gift tax system. Why? Because a revocable trust is a separate taxable entity, a separate person. But that’s enough on that subject for now.

Though the wealthy often use trusts to save estate taxes, they can also be a valuable estate planning tool for the middle class. But more on that later, in another place on this site.

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